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Places 1 is the twenty-second (assuming read left to right) skill of the language tree for Welsh, and it has four lessons. This skill teaches some place names in Welsh, as well as some common cases of word mutation.

Cultural Notes[]

Welsh towns will often have two names; one is the traditional Welsh name and the other is the English one (which is often just a translation or corruption of the Welsh one). The town council of each town will decide which one will be used and whether signage or documents will show either one or both.

Due to a viral video, one the most well known Welsh town names is Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll­gogery­chwyrn­drobwll­llan­tysilio­gogo­goch, which is the second largest place name in the world.

There are many town names that are introduced in this skill so you can get a feel for the difference in names between English and Welsh.

Grammar Notes[]

Mutant nouns?[]

Remember your mutations! There are three kinds that happen a lot in this skill.

Soft mutation happens after i ("to") and o ("of" or "from"), or to feminine nouns right after y:

  • t -> d
  • c -> g
  • p -> b
  • b -> f
  • g is removed
  • d -> dd
  • m -> f
  • ll -> l
  • rh -> r

Nasal mutation happens after yn when it means "in":

  • p -> mh
  • b -> m
  • t -> nh
  • d -> n
  • c -> ngh
  • g -> ng

Aspirant mutation happens after â (not to be confused with a, meaning "and"):

  • p -> ph
  • t -> th
  • c -> ch

Here are some examples:

  • Dyn nhw'n dod o Dywyn? = Are they from Tywyn?
  • Ydyn, a dyn nhw'n byw yn Nhywyn. = Yes, and they live in Tywyn.
  • Dyn ni'n mynd i ymweld â Thywyn gyda nhw. = We are going to visit Tywyn with them.

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

  • byw = to live
  • Tywyn = Tywyn
  • ger = near
  • llyfrgell = library
  • castell = castle
  • Castell-Nedd = Neath

Lesson 2[]

  • Efrog Newydd = New York
  • Pwllheli = Pwllheli
  • Bangor = Bangor
  • archfarchnad = supermarket
  • dod o = to come from

Lesson 3[]

  • Aberaeron = Aberaeron
  • Y Fenni = Abergavenny
  • Caerfyrddin = Carmarthen
  • canol = centre
  • yng nghanol (y) = in the middle (of the)
  • siopa = to shop

Lesson 4[]

  • ffynnon = well, spring
  • ogof = cave
  • siopau = shops
  • ynys = island
  • ynysoedd = islands
  • uwchben = above
  • nant = stream
  • nentydd = streams

References[]

Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/cy/Places1

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