Possession is the twenty-eighth (assuming read left to right) skill in the language tree for Welsh. It has a total of five lessons, and the skill teaches the verb "to have" using gan, as well as some new words.
Grammar Notes[]
Gan is an preposition meaning "by", just like gyda means "with". However, Welsh people use it to mean "to have" by conjugating it like so:
English | Welsh |
---|---|
I have | gen i |
you have | gen ti |
you have | gynnoch chi |
he has | gynno fo |
she has | gynni hi |
we have | gynnon ni |
they have | ganddyn/gynnyn nhw |
Also, following this phrase, the noun possessed will be affected by soft mutation. Just like with gyda, you will still use oes and does for the question form and negative form. With does, the dim becomes ddim and comes immediately after the possessor:
- Mae gynno fo gar du. = He has a black car. ("There is by him a black car")
- Oes gynnyn nhw rif ffôn? = Do they have a phone number? ("Is there by them a phone number")
- Nac oes, does gynnon ni ddim ceffyl. = No, we don't have a horse. ("No, there is by us no horse")
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- pensil = pencil
- trydan = electricity
- car trydan = electric car
- rhif = number
- rhifau = numbers
- rhif ffôn = phone number
Lesson 2[]
- gan = by/with (have)
- gen i = I have
- gen ti = you have
- gynno fo = he has
- gynni hi = she has
- swyddfa = office
- swyddfeydd = offices
- gardd = garden
- gerddi = gardens
Lesson 3[]
- ffatri = factory
- coffi = coffee
- cae = field
- caeau = fields
- gynnon ni = we have
- gynnoch chi = you have
- ganddyn/gynnyn nhw = they have
Lesson 4[]
- oes = is there?
- Oes = yes (there is/are)
- Nac oes = no (there isn't/aren't)
- ceffyl = horse
- ceffylau = horses
Lesson 5[]
- does...ddim = there isn't/aren't)
- argraffydd = printer
- argraffyddion = printers
- carafán = caravan (American English: a camper van)
- carafannau = caravans
- eto = yet
References[]
Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/cy/Possession-Gan