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Possession is the twenty-eighth (assuming read left to right) skill in the language tree for Welsh. It has a total of five lessons, and the skill teaches the verb "to have" using gan, as well as some new words.

Grammar Notes[]

Gan is an preposition meaning "by", just like gyda means "with". However, Welsh people use it to mean "to have" by conjugating it like so:

English Welsh
I have gen i
you have gen ti
you have gynnoch chi
he has gynno fo
she has gynni hi
we have gynnon ni
they have ganddyn/gynnyn nhw

Also, following this phrase, the noun possessed will be affected by soft mutation. Just like with gyda, you will still use oes and does for the question form and negative form. With does, the dim becomes ddim and comes immediately after the possessor:

  • Mae gynno fo gar du. = He has a black car. ("There is by him a black car")
  • Oes gynnyn nhw rif ffôn? = Do they have a phone number? ("Is there by them a phone number")
  • Nac oes, does gynnon ni ddim ceffyl. = No, we don't have a horse. ("No, there is by us no horse")

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

  • pensil = pencil
  • trydan = electricity
  • car trydan = electric car
  • rhif = number
  • rhifau = numbers
  • rhif ffôn = phone number

Lesson 2[]

  • gan = by/with (have)
  • gen i = I have
  • gen ti = you have
  • gynno fo = he has
  • gynni hi = she has
  • swyddfa = office
  • swyddfeydd = offices
  • gardd = garden
  • gerddi = gardens

Lesson 3[]

  • ffatri = factory
  • coffi = coffee
  • cae = field
  • caeau = fields
  • gynnon ni = we have
  • gynnoch chi = you have
  • ganddyn/gynnyn nhw = they have

Lesson 4[]

  • oes = is there?
  • Oes = yes (there is/are)
  • Nac oes = no (there isn't/aren't)
  • ceffyl = horse
  • ceffylau = horses

Lesson 5[]

  • does...ddim = there isn't/aren't)
  • argraffydd = printer
  • argraffyddion = printers
  • carafán = caravan (American English: a camper van)
  • carafannau = caravans
  • eto = yet

References[]

Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/cy/Possession-Gan

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